Impact of Second Great Awakening on Modern Society

Impact of the Second Great Awakening in Modern-Day Society The Second Great Awakening laid the foundations of the development of present-day religious beliefs and establishments, moral views, and democratic ideals in the United States. Beginning back in late eighteenth century and lasting until the middle of the nineteenth century,1 this Protestant awakening sought to reach out the un-churched and bring people to a much more personal and vivid experience of Christianity. Starting on the Southern frontier and soon spreading to the Northeast, the Second Great Awakening has also been associated as a response against the growing liberalism in religion - skepticism, deism, and rational Christianity.2 Although the movement is well-known to be†¦show more content†¦Two of these denominations were the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the African Methodist Episcopal. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - commonly known as Mormons was founded by Joseph Smith; he was inspired to create a new church faction by the revi vals he experienced in the western area of New York called the Burned Over District- implying it had been scorched by so many revivals. Although not regarded as a splinter off from an existing Protestant denomination but a restoration of primitive Christianity having distinctive post-biblical doctrines, the Mormon Church is now a flourishing, worldwide denomination. On the other hand, during the revivals, Baptists and Methodists converted large numbers of blacks. However, because of the mistreatment they received from their fellow believers, under the leadership of Richard Allen, the black population broke away from the Methodist church while creating their own denomination; the African Methodist Episcopal.10 Both churches mentioned above, having developed and sprouted out other denominations over the years, still stand even today. While new religious ideas fanned out and denominations proliferated, social activism, in response, also began to escalate. The Second Great Awakening stirred the initiation ofShow MoreRelatedSecond Great Awakening954 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"IN WHAT WAYS DID THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING INFLUENCE AMERICAN SOCIETY AND CULTURE?† In the thirty year span between 1830 and 1860, the Second Great Awakening did much to change the modern American mind by sparking the abolitionist movement, empowering women (in their domestic sphere) and forming the cult of domesticity, partially fixing the corrupt government through the temperance movement, and in the creation of many utopian societies by radical religious populations. Puritanism was kickedRead MoreKate Chopin and How the Feminist Movement Inspired Her Writings1666 Words   |  7 Pageswell as short stories. Her work was extraordinary and some of her greatest work was based on the feminist movement. Kate Chopin became known throughout the world as one of the most influential writers during the feminist movement. She has attracted great attention from scholars along with students, and her work has been translated into many different languages. Kate Chopin was born February 8, 1851 in St. Louis. Her father was an Irish merchant and her mother was the daughter of an old French familyRead MoreOne Nation Under God: The Lasting Effects of the Second Great Awakening1803 Words   |  8 PagesProtestantism. Modern age Christians have scoured historical documents in an effort to provide evidence for a Judeo-Christian foundation in the nation’s republican framework. Likewise, their opponents have written lengthy dissertations and argued over various media outlets that Christian conclusions are unfounded. Yet despite their endless debate, religion, especially Christianity, has and continues to play a fundamental element of America’s cultural, societal, and political makeup. The Second Great AwakeningRead MoreEvangelicalism2149 Words   |  9 Pagesbe understood most clearly in the political, economic, and religious contexts of post-revolutionary American society. Although the movement would come to effect profound cha nges in its society it was very much in a sense that the culture had grown ripe for its emergence. The tension between the evangelical movement and the past movements radicalism and centrism suggests that American society was still very much in transition from one era to another: the Revolution was not yet complete. History: CausesRead MoreEvangelicalism Essay2137 Words   |  9 Pagesbe understood most clearly in the political, economic, and religious contexts of post-revolutionary American society. Although the movement would come to effect profound changes in its society it was very much in a sense that the culture had grown ripe for its emergence. The tension between the evangelical movement and the past movements radicalism and centrism suggests that American society was still very much in transition from one era to another: the Revolution was not yet complete. History: CausesRead MoreAp Pertinent Questions Essay1501 Words   |  7 Pagesthe nation’s elite. They had few schools open to the poor, but the education the poor received was inferior to that provided by most schools. 3. The â€Å"cultural independence† that Jeffersonian Americans sought another form of nationalism with great fervor. Winning political independence from Europe, they aspired to a form of cultural independence. In the process, they dreamed of American literary and artistic life that would rival the greatest achievements in Europe. Americans believed that theirRead MoreA Brief Note On Science And The Nineteenth Century1249 Words   |  5 Pagescomparison of faith and science have caused debate between our historians. However, they can agree that the nineteenth century was somewhat of a blurred line in American history to determine where the population’s allegiance laid. While the Second Great Awakening riled up a lot of devout Baptists and Methodists, science had also taken a toll with the Industrial Revolution. Which is still one of the most significant economic changes in American history to date. And although Darwin’s finds did notRead MoreRochester : New Transportation Routes1975 Words   |  8 Pagesneither their individual spiri tual states nor the shape of their society.† For the expansion itself was a result of man’s ability to shape his society and the second great awakening would help shape man’s spiritual state. It was old worn-out ideas like this that brought about by the market revolution, which gave rise to the need for a religious revival as a way to reestablish social control in the form of the second great awakening. These events were responsible for the rapid growth of RochesterRead MoreUnderstanding the Modern State of Christianity as Evangelicals1318 Words   |  5 PagesTo understand the modern state of Christianity as evangelicals, it is necessary to realize that there have been important changes to the point in which we are today (Fahrsh, 2006). Several doubts among believers existed and this resulted in the existence of many movements. Some of these movements include liberalism, neo orthodoxy and evangelical movement. Theological movements To begin with liberalism movement, it was more common in the 19th and 20th centuries. As the term â€Å"liberal† implies theRead MoreThe Positive Side Of Interpersonal Communication1126 Words   |  5 Pagesand how it relates to the human condition can create and destroy our environment depending on how we perceive it. In positive psychology, there are two forms of happiness: Hedonic and Eudemonic. The development of these two forms can lead to an awakening of ones self in order to enhance our interaction with others. First, let me define and describe with an example what each form is. â€Å"Hedonic happiness refers to â€Å"maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain. (pg. 5)† An example of this would typically

Civilization in Paleolithic Era Free Essays

Topic: To what extent does the hypothesis of bona fide, yet ‘missing’, civilization in the Palaeolithic era make sense to you? Palaeolithic meaning old stone, which is about (2. 6 million years – 300,000 years ago). Having a Lower, Middle and Upper stone age for Palaeolithic. We will write a custom essay sample on Civilization in Paleolithic Era or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the Palaeolithic era climate was the pacemaker of change. As the world grew colder, the new climatic conditions restricted the habitat, certain species disappeared. Every time the climate changed the new conditions suited other animals. Each Ice Age last between fifty and a hundred thousand years as so mentioned in â€Å"The New Penguin History of the World† written by J. M Roberts. He mentions â€Å"Evidence of the glaciations and their effects is now available from all oceans and continents and they provide the backbone for prehistory chronology. † I did research and came across a website http://www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2004/04/040421234349. htm. It has evidence that supports the three major glaciation events that occurred in the past. Robert Tucker and Zhanxiong Peng of the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Washington University of St. Louis implicated that â€Å"There would be no communication between the atmosphere and the ocean. The deep ocean would quickly become free of oxygen because light would not be able to penetrate the ice to fuel algae. Above the ice, there would be little rain or snow because there would be little evaporation. Many organisms that lived in milder conditions would become extinct. † Investigation shows that there are at least three levels of glacial deposits. Each ice age destroyed the habitats of creatures that had adapted to the arctic condition. But after each glaciation new species spread. As time went on, one branch lead to apes and the other lead to human beings, this line was named hominids. Indicated by J. M Roberts, â€Å"The first hominid fossil found in Kenya and Ethiopia are dated only 4. 5 million years ago. † But then a French fossil hunter discovered a fossil in Chadian desert year 2001; nearly complete cranium, pieces of jawbone and teeth. They pinned down the age of this fossil, which they say is between 6. 8 and 7. 2 million years old. (Information found in http://afp. google. com/article/ALeqM5gjCJ41Mm-Li6gU9Rd4n1DXPlm7Gg . ) So as to what is happening, fossil hunters, geologist, archeologist, scientist etc. keep discovering new fossils with different ages and keep pushing back our timelines. So saying the truth we are not sure exactly when the hominids where first taking place in our timeline. Who knows what there is yet to be discovered. Going to a description and comparison of a hominid and primate. Those with a small cranium were consider primates because the brain was not too intelligent. As time went on the brain developed little by little. More common sense, but as that happened the brain grew, therefore having a much bigger cranium, which were then classified as hominids. Hominids developed reasoning, a sense of communication and had a system of control, which is the beginning of the creation of human beings. Primates communicate with signals, went on natural instincts, and had no system of control. Their method was adaptation to life and the environment around them. Which if I’m not mistaken is what we now call wild animals. We are the top of the food chain. We are the fittest to survival. Why, because we have intelligence, logic and reasoning. We have common sense to avoid casual mistakes that can cause our lives. Professor Paul S. Burdett from Raritan Valley Community College, Branchburg NJ wrote a document named â€Å"What Is Human? †. It describes three main parts of what makes us human and has a comparison to what is not classified to be human. 1. Reasoning is the power to think, and understand. Mind solves problems and the body has a reaction to everything but think before react. As for primates, they’re mind and reactions are not reasonable like ours. 2. Language is our form of communication. Without communication we have nothing. With language we have grammar and syntax an arrangement that focuses on a relationship between words. . System of control, which keeps things organized. Having a social life. Under that category come family, tribes, and clans. Which are all in relation and come with a natural connectivity as in a connection in blood or DNA. Examples; mother, son, grandfather, cousins, aunts, including mother-in-law and so on. Now beyond that comes communities, societies, culture an d civilization. Which is an organization of non-related people. People working together to make a living. As for primates, they only go with their instincts and communicate with signals. And cannot go any much further than that. So my definition for being a human is one who exhibits a sense of humanity, compassion, civilization, and consideration towards mankind. An understanding, organization, and sense of communication. So is it possible that such a civilization could have existed? There was a point in time where the hominids decided to just settle down. Having water, and food near them. So they did not have to travel far. In the process tools were created, fire, a sense a religion, a stable living style, a sense of emotion, farming. All of these things is what started civilization. And civilization was not established until the Upper Palaeolithic Era. Without everything being done, no civilization would have been created. Till this day discoveries are made. The only way to know if something really existed is by evidence. And by evidence I mean fossils, skeletons, art, grave goods, â€Å"ARTIFACTS! † Artifacts is all we have. The only problem is that from what I have understood is that we have more evidence going towards the Upper Palaeolithic Era. In J. M Roberts book (Book 1, Chapter 2, last paragraph on pg. 1) he stated, â€Å"To separate Upper and Lower Palaeolithic is easy; the division represents the physical facts†¦ †¦ the most recent and therefore fossils and artifacts found among them are later found then lower. † Meaning more evidence is found in the Upper. â€Å"Almost all the artifacts that survived in Palaeolithic are made from stone, none are made of metal†¦ †¦ whi ch stone artifacts provide the largest significant body of evidence. † So from what is seems stones where most likely to be preserved then metal. Neolithic Revolution involved far more than the adoption of a limited set of food producing techniques. The making of small groups of hunter, gatherers that had hitherto dominated human history into sedentary societies based in built up villages and towns, which radically modified their natural environment by means of specialized food crop cultivation that allowed extensive surplus food production. These developments provided the basis for high population density settlements, specialized and complex labor diversification, trading economies, the development of art, architecture, and culture. All these things are well described in a book called â€Å"The Breakout: The Origins Of Civilization† written by Martha Lamberg-Karlovsky. The Revolution developed independently in different parts of the world, not just in the Fertile Crescent. The Mediterranean climate has a long dry season with a short period of rain, which made it suitable for small plants with large seeds, like wheat and barley. The Oasis Theory, originally proposed by Raphael Pumpelly in 1908, maintains that as the climate got drier due to the Atlantic depressions shifting northward, communities contracted to oases where they were forced into close association with animals, which were then domesticated together with planting of seeds. Agriculture, known as farming. Which was turning point. No more long travel, everything at hand and the sense of trading. With trading came leader, which meant government. With all that said societies. In this part of time, known art was a way of recording things in their time. There were caves that have been found with carved drawings. Showing life itself, and how everything was before. Art created by stones, mud as paint, and drawings on top of other drawings creating stories that have yet to be discovered. Every time we think we found the oldest society another older one pops up. Everyday life was not able to be recorded. Communication was not able to be recorded. Records in that era took a lot of time and dedication. So in our sense, was there civilization in the Palaeolithic Era? I think there was. Even though there isn’t much evidence, it actually makes sense. Like in the quote, â€Å"If a tree falls in the forest but no one is there to hear it, does it still make a sound? † Just because we did not witness it, it does not mean it did not exist. How to cite Civilization in Paleolithic Era, Essay examples

Emerging Business Models and Managerial †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Emerging Business Models and Managerial Strategies. Answer: Introduction Social networks can be defined as relationships created between people in the course of undertaking their daily activities. Social networks are established through continuous and long relations between people and this results to mutual benefits between the parties involved in the relations. Social networks are very important in the modern business world especially in this era of technological advancement and digital communication networks. Many businesses are shifting their attention and focus from official networks to social networks since they help to add more value to an organization. The social networks are established through social interaction between people related to an organization. Social networks help in establishing business relation between the people involved. Many organizations have embraced social networks as a means of interacting with their customers in order to obtain feedback and to allow employees to air their compliments and complaints. Social networks use a var iety of platforms especially social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin, Whatsapp and snapchat. The use of social media networking in organizations or in business has many advantages to the organization. One of the advantages of social media marketing is that it is cheap means of marketing the business of an organization. The social media networks helps in providing a forum of interaction between the customers and organizations. This helps both the organization and the customers in making their feelings known concerning the products offered and the products consumed. Social networks help in building customer loyalty and in improving value of products and services offered by companies. However, there are also many disadvantages of social networks. Social networks in business may result to employees becoming very casual and in the process forget their role and duty of acting professionally in all their undertakings. A lot of research has been done on the importance of social networks in business. Many researchers have written about the subject in both peer reviewed journal articles and books. Different researchers have different views on the role of social networks in an organization context with some researchers believing that social networks will be the major drivers of organization success in the next half century. Social networks in the recent past have been facilitated by advancement of communication technology to the extent that world has become a global village. This has made it relatively easy for organizations to relate with not only with customers but also to one another using these social networks. According to, Silvius, G. (2016) social networks in an organization, help to create an atmosphere of trust and honest between and among employees and the senior management in a company. He argues that this is achieved when organizations use social networks in their interactions with one ano ther. Since organizations are made up of people, they have to be social institutions and therefore social networks must exist in them. When social networking Is healthy in an organization, employees are able to interact freely with one another and this helps in creating an harmonious relationship which is good for performance. According to Silvius, G. (2016), social networking also creates a bond between the employees of an organization and the senior management hence creating a healthy working relationship that encourages productivity and effective communication between the various levels in an organization. An example is when the junior members of staff are able to freely interact with the managing director of the organization through the organizations Facebook page. Opgenhaffen Haenens (2015) also support this idea. Through his research, he also found out that more than 78% of organizations that encourage social networking in their internal environment are able to achieve high le vels of employee performance and the employee turnover rate in these organizations is low. He argues that social networks help in improving the morale of workers by creating an environment of unity where employees feel accepted and important in an organization. This goes a long way in contributing positively to performance in an organization. According to Bradley McDonald,(2011), social networking contributes to brand recognition for an organization. Brand recognition refers to the acceptability of a companies` brand among its customers depending on the value the organization offers its consumers. The author also, argues that by use of social networking, an organization is able to expand its publicity and its more recognizable among existing customers and potential customers. This in turn contributes positively to the growth in the value of an organizations brand. An example of ways in which social networking can contribute to increased brand recognition is that a Tweet for example can reach a customer who had never before heard of the company or its products. The person who has been reached or communicate through the tweet may become customer of the company later. Li, (2013) is also of the view of social networking contributing to brand recognition. He argues that companies that have a global presence and have valuable brands have embraced use of social networks in their business activities. He describes that partly, the brand recognition of these companies has been contributed by their strong social networks that help them to interact freely with their customers and which helps the organization to communicate new products and services to customers easily. The issues of brand recognition does not depend much on social networking since there are many organizations that have very strong and popular brands and at the same time, they dont have any presence on social media. Therefore brand recognition by an organization can be achieved by providing high quality goods and services and maximizing customer satisfaction. According to Lee (2014), social networking which helps in improving and creating brand loyalty. He argues based on report published by Texas Tech University which explains that brands that engage in social media channels have customers who are more loyal compared to companies who are not involved in social media. This Is attributed to the fact that the modern day consumer prefers companies that operate traditionally with the aim of maximizing profit. The view if Lee (2014) is supported by Harris, H. (2011) who also argues that a strategic social media plan can help to influence customers to to consume products of the company. Continued interactions between the customer and the organization will result into repeated buying to the point where customers cannot buy from rival companies and therefore resulting to unrivaled customer loyalty. Solomon, (2013), however argues that social networking alone cannot bring about customer loyalty and therefore it has to be backed up by a variety of other factors. Social networking is also an invaluable product promotion tool. According to Solomon,(2011), organizations are able to promote new and existing products and services at very low cost. The social media network creates a wide customer base which which therefore acts a s very good platform for an organization to market itself. The cost of social media marketing is very low since the only expenses involve setting and maintaining the social media account. Solomon (2011) argues that the social networking by organizations will therefore help the organizations to save on the costs of advertising and other forms of marketing. Social networking also helps organizations to send a tailor made message to its customers since the company is sure that the people in the platform are either interested in the products of the company or they are already consumers of the companys products. According to Mathos, Norman Kanter, (2012), social networking is also very good for marketing since it helps an org anization to transmit messages to many people at the same time. He argues that social networking also facilitates target marketing for organization. According to xxx, social networking is also important for business organizations since it helps an organization to get feedback from its customers. Feedback in an organization refers to the reaction of customers after they have consumed a companies`s products or service. The feedback from customers helps organizations in decision making. Landers Schmidt,(2016) argues that organizations can use customer feedback obtained using social media to make various decisions . some of these decisions include improvement of products offered and services offered to consumers. Customer feedback can also act as morale boasting technique since good reactions from customers will mean that employees are encouraged to work more to make customers happier. Landers Schmidt,(2016) also supports the view of xxx on the roe of social networking in obtaining customer feedback. He argues that social networking is one of the most effective methods of obtaining feedback from customers since its fast and also co nvenient for customers to use. He reasons that organizations should therefore put a lot of emphasis on social networking for obtaining customer feedback because organizations are becoming more sensitive of customer need and therefore they need to conduct surveys on customer needs and therefore they are able to serve customers better. Despite the many advantages of social networking for organizations, there are also many shortcomings that come with social networking. Writers have different and similar views on the disadvantages of social networking. One of the fiercest critics of social networking is(Goel In Singhal, 2016) . He argues that social marketing is not good for organizations and should be avoided by all means necessary. One of the disadvantages of social networking according to (Goel In Singhal, 2016) is that it results to waste of time. Since time is a very important factor in production and in maximizing productivity, waste of time by the management and other members of staff while networking results to decline in productivity in an organization since employees are not able to fully concentrate on their core functions. (Goel In Singhal (2016)also argues that managers spend a lot of time in social networking and may therefore fail to put in place strategies that help the organization to move forward to wards achieving its objectives. Another author who support the argument of Goel In Singhal (2016), is Househ, Borycki, Kushniruk, (2014), he views social networking ad being destructive to the organizational plan of achieving its objectives. Therefore, organizations should not put emphasis on social networking because, they may create publicity for the company but that does not necessarily mean sales or customer base will increase. He argues that the time spent by the management of the company and other employees is very valuable and should be used to produce extra units of products or service which adds value directly to the organization. Househ, Borycki, Kushniruk, (2014)also says that organizations should use other forms of marketing because, social media marketing mainly composes people who are already customers of the company and therefore the method cannot be relied upon to reach new customers. (Asencio Sun,2015) also argues that social networking is intrusive. He explains that social networking by an organization intrudes on the privacy of some individuals who do not like publicity or social platforms. Information from Web Pro News indicates that 80% of people who use social networks feel uneasy at sharing their information or thoughts on social media and they feel that social media is very insecure. This stems from the practice of companies shaping their social media advertisements based on private information collected from social media sites. Li, (2013) argues that this practice has led many social media users to be wary of information posted on social media. Research also indicates that social media users are mostly irritated by messages by organizations trying to market their products since they are not interested in that. Jjj argues that another disadvantage of social networking is that there is lack of feedback control. This is usually very damaging especially in cases where an advert brings about negative reactions. The negative reactions from social media may influence the other customers negatively and this may be very fatal for an organization since it may result to loss of customers and therefore loss of profits. Since an organization does not have direct control on what customers post on the social media accounts, it becomes difficult for the company to control this information and therefore social networking may result to negative implications for an organization. The lack of feedback control concept has been a very big concern for managers, however, organizations have some degree of control in use of social media because, they can use the same social media platform to sell the organization in a positive way and to fight off bad publicity from rivals. Another disadvantage of social networking according to Looy (2015) is that it is free to join but it is difficult to target customers and to reach new customers. Therefore, organizations still have to pay for advertising in the social media like through Facebook and other social media sites and through E-commerce in order to achieve their marketing objective. He argues that social networking cannot therefore be depended upon by organizations for purposes of marketing since its limited in scope and also in usage. This view is not cumbersome because, the use of social media in marketing by organizations does not mean that organizations have to neglect other methods of product promotion and therefore, the views of zzz do not reflect the real situation on the ground. From the review of past literature on the subject, gaps can be identified in research. Identification of gaps in research helps in identification of shortcomings in past research so that further research can be done to fill the gaps. One of the gaps identified in this research is that substantial research has not be done on the impact of social media on the marketing and strategic planning by organizations. This forms the basis of research project. Background and significance After the literature review on the advantages and disadvantages of social networking, a gap was identified in research. The gap in this case is that sufficient research has not been done on the impact of social media on the marketing and strategic planning of an organization. This research topic helps the researcher to seek further information on the impact of social networks specifically on marketing as well as how social media impacts on strategies of an organization. Social media usage in organizations has been increasing in the recent past and it is still gaining popularity among many organizations as an important tool in marketing as well as in developing strategies by management of an organization. This aim of this research is to establish the impact that social media has had on marketing by organizations as well as on developing strategies by the management. Establishing the impact that use of social media by organizations has had on marketing and strategies of an organization Establishing how social media has helped organizations to reduce cost of marketing. Establishing whether the use of social media by organizations has helped in increasing customer loyalty Determining if use of social media by organizations has contributed to increase in customer base hence increase in sales volumes. Establishing the role of social media in shaping strategies by an organization. Determining if social media has made work easy done by managers in strategic management. This study will be conducted on organizations that have strong social networks. These organizations have a deeply entrenched social media network that helps the organization to communicate effectively with its consumers and that helps the organization to effectively market itself and its products and services. The research will mainly depend on secondary sources of data. This is because, most of the organizations under consideration are global and therefore, it presents a very big challenge to collect primary data from these organizations given the geographical nature of the organizations. The study has limited resources and therefore, it is not possible to collect raw data from the organizations and their management given the huge costs associated with collecting that kind of data. This study will be consulted using a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. Quantitative research method will be used in most instances in this research. This is because, most of the data that will be collected on the research topic is quantifiable, and hence making it easy for us to use quantitative research technique. The variables in this study can be measured and value assigned to most variables e.g., the reduction in marketing expense as a result of use of social media can be measured in monetary terms. Another example of a variable that can be measured directly is the increase in customer base due to the use of social media in marketing of products. An organization can easily determine this change by counting the increase in number of unit sales. However, some variables cannot be easily measured because they involve an individual`s thoughts or opinion and therefore, qualitative research method has to be used in such a case. Qualitative research methods involve definition of variables that cannot be directly assigned value. A range is developed to help in measuring these variables for purposes of comparison and evaluation. An example of where qualit ative research method will be used in this study is determining the impact of social media on the strategies of an organization. Strategies are difficult to measure since their results cannot be directly traced in the organization and therefore estimation is done. The main sources of data for this study includes books, peer reviewed journals, magazines, organization websites, thesis and dissertation as well as newspapers and business articles. This information will be thorough analyzed and summarized to highlight the main points by different writers and how each of the sources views the subject. The research will depend on financial reports of various organizations under review and analyzed the financial performance of these organization compared to the social media presence and popularity of the companies in various social media platforms. The study will compare the financial performance using ratios before the companies started using social media and the current performance of the organization when they are using social media. Since, there are other factors that may have contributed to either a positive or negative shift in these results, research will be done to establish other factors that may have affected performance and then a provision will be done to isolate these factors and arrive at a more results that indicate how the use of social media has affected sales of the company. The study will seek to determine how the strategies of an organization have been influenced by use of social media in the company. Strategies are very important especially at this moment when there is intense competition in each and every industry. The fast rate of change of technology has also made it very necessary for organizations to keep on strategizing so as to maintain or improve their position in the market. Therefore the study will be aiming at establishing how using social media has shaped the strategies of the organization. These strategies may involve the cost leadership strategy, differentiation, diversification, or even defensive strategies like divestment or liquidation. Additionally, this study will be seeking to establish whether the use of social media has given the organization a competitive advantage over its competitors in the marketing and how this competitive advantage has influenced performance of the entire organization. In the course of the research, several challenges are expected. Some of the expected challenges during research are the lack of enough secondary sources since the subject of the research is a current affair and therefore many researchers have not written about the subject. Time will also be a major constraint in this study since it is very limited and a lot of time will be required to collect and interpret this data. Data analysis and interpretation techniques This study will use a combination of data analysis and interpretation techniques in order to interpret data collected from the research. Data analysis techniques are methods used in encoding the raw data collected from a study. Analysis of this data using these different techniques helps in putting all information available into context in order to make sense of the information collected and draw conclusions from this information. One of the data collection procedures that will be used in this research is the coding technique. Here data collected on the research field is summarized and the researcher develops a unique set of codes which are assigned to a particular group of data. In this stage, data collected is reduced to manageable sizes and then its grouped depending on the characteristics of the data and the objective of the researcher. Quantitative data will be analyzed using the following techniques depending on the objective of the researcher; time series, ranking by categorie s, part to whole categorical division, deviation, frequency distribution correlation, and nominal comparison. After collecting and analyzing data, the information obtained from the study will be interpreted and put into the context of our study so as to fulfill the research objective. Conclusion Research needs to be conducted on the impact of social media on marketing and strategies of an organization. This research will help in establishing ways in which use of social media by organizations has influenced marketing of an organizations products goods and services. This research also aims at establishing the exact impact that use of social media will have on the sales volumes of an organization after isolating all other factors that may influence increase or decrease in sales volumes. This study will use a combination of both qualitative and quantitative research methods. However quantitative research will be more prevalent since most of the variables being tested in this study are measurable and quantifiable. Qualitative research techniques will be used in instances where research variables have descriptive characteristics like views, opinions or feelings of an individual person are being measured. This study will use secondary sources of data such as peer reviewed journals, theses and dissertations and books. The data analysis and interpretation techniques to be used in this study include coding of data and concept mapping. References Asencio, H., In Sun, R. (2015). Cases on strategic social media utilization in the nonprofit sector. Bradley, A. J., McDonald, M. P. (2011). The social organization: How to use social media to tap the collective genius of your customers and employees. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business Press. Benson, V., In Morgan, S. J. (2014). Cutting-edge technologies and social media use in higher education. European Conference on Social Media, In Bernadas, C., In Minchella, D., l'Ecole de Management de Normandie (EM Normandie),. (2016). Proceedings of the European Conference on Social Media: 12-13 July 2016, Hosted by l'Ecole de Management de Normandie (EM Normandie), Caen, France. Goel, A. K., In Singhal, P. (2016). Product innovation through knowledge management and social media strategies. Harris, H. (2011). Employee's perspectives on social media use in organizations as a form of internal communication. Heath, D. R., NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (NCDOCKS). (2014). Strategic organizational engagement in social media to motivate directed action. Greensboro, N.C.: University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Househ, M., In Borycki, E., In Kushniruk, A. W. (2014). Social media and mobile technologies for healthcare. Information Resources Management Association. (2016). Social media and networking: Concepts, methodologies, tools, and applications. Li, E. Y. (2013). Organizations and social networking: Utilizing social media to engage consumers. Lee, I. (2014). Integrating social media into business practice, applications, management, and models. Looy, A. V. (2015). Social media management: Technologies and strategies for creating business value. Landers, R. N., In Schmidt, G. B. (2016). Social media in employee selection and recruitment: Theory, practice and current challenges. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. Solomon, L. (2011). Doing social media so it matters: A librarian's guide. Chicago: American Library Association. Solomon, L. (2013). The librarian's nitty-gritty guide to social media. Mathos, M., Norman, C., Kanter, B. (2012). 101 social media tactics for nonprofits: A field guide. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Manuti, A., In De, P. P. D. (2016). The social organization: Managing human capital through social media. Silvius, G. (2016). Strategic integration of social media into project management practice. Opgenhaffen, M., dHaenens, L. (2015). Managing Social Media Use: Whither Social Media Guidelines in News Organizations?. International Journal On Media Management, 17(4), 201-216. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14241277.2015.1107570 Walmart Case May Test Employer's Right to Monitor Employees' Social Media Accounts. (2016). Management Report For Nonunion Organizations, 39(3), 4-6. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mare.30145 When Employee's Tweets Violate Employer's Social Media Policy. (2016). Management Report For Nonunion Organizations, 39(5), 4-5. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mare.30162 West, L. L., In Worthington, A. C., IGI Global,. (2017). Handbook of research on emerging business models and managerial strategies in the nonprofit sectorSolomon,(2011),

Solectron From Contract Manufacturer to Global Supply Chain Integrator Essay Example

Solectron: From Contract Manufacturer to Global Supply Chain Integrator Paper In 1977, Solectron was founded in the wake of the solar energy boom, and primarily focused on making solar energy products. They soon began assembling printed circuit boards for other electronic firms. Solectron was located close to Silicon Valley and its electronic industry, so a number of clients were readily available for its manufacturing services. In the early 1980s, Solectron turned their efforts towards contract manufacturing, which turned the job shop business into an important industry. Solectron began to purchase the manufacturing facilities of its customers, which enabled them to sign long-term supply contracts with them as well as increasing supply to multiple other customers. By the end of the 90s, Solectron had three strategic business units- Technology Solutions, Global Manufacturing, and Global Services. Solectron focused their business on superior customer service and respect for the individual. It was through constant assessment and continuous improvement that Solectron was able to earn the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award two consecutive times, which was a new record. Solectron continued to lead innovation in technological developments, which continued to increase their advantage over their competitors. In 2000, a softening economy led to falling demand for Solectron services, and at one point, Solectron’s inventory rose to an excess of $1 billion. After restructuring for the slower economy, Solectron was optimistic about its future in developing markets. Questions: What value did Solectron provide to its customers, and how did it evolve over time? Value Solectron provided to its customers: We will write a custom essay sample on Solectron: From Contract Manufacturer to Global Supply Chain Integrator specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Solectron: From Contract Manufacturer to Global Supply Chain Integrator specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Solectron: From Contract Manufacturer to Global Supply Chain Integrator specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Cost – President Dr. Winston Chen insisted that lowest cost could only be achieved with highest quality. This element challenged the practice of their competitors. Quality – Solectron’s high focus on high quality electronics manufacturing services was reflected in their receiving the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award twice. The management at Solectron used the award’s evaluation application process as a benchmark for continuous improvement. All of the recommendations were used in many aspects of the company’s operations for improvement. Flexibility – Solectron offered a wide range of products in a number of areas to its customers, including Networking, Telecommunications, and Computers. The strategic acquisitions in the early 1990’s allowed the company to have a broad variety of manufacturing facilities and expand the services offered. Service – The company used the basic principles of superior customer service and respect for the individual to run the company. These principles were evident in their interaction with its customers. For example, they relied heavily on the customer’s input and feedback for continuous improvement and used various measures of customer satisfaction to work towards becoming best manufacturing company in the world. Value evolved over time: Cost – Solectron used their strategy of becoming the premier source of outsourcing for businesses as a strategic advantage. Their volume increased greatly due to their growing number of customers and business. This allowed them to offer reduced prices due to the greater volume purchasing and economies of scale production. Quality – As production quality can be limited to certain physical features and customer specifications, Solectron has shifted towards a more service quality oriented partner while maintaining product superiority. Although the focus on product quality is imperative to maintaining relations with customers, service quality is a significant source of differentiation in an industry that already expects great production capabilities. Flexibility – With increasing production demands from customers along with an extensive range of desirable markets, flexibility must be a key consideration when competing in the EMS industry. Evolving alongside market conditions, Solectron has acquired many facilities in order to accommodate both consumer and locational demands of their customers. By becoming in essence a global supply chain integrator, Solectron is able to utilize each production facility to an optimal level, source from regions where most value is captured, as well as capitalize on market lead-times from close proximity to target markets. Service – Building upon a great foundation of customer service, Solectron has developed to encompass an essential array of services to offer their customers. This cornucopia of services was broken down into three distinct business units, with one supplying each. As stated by Diana Farrell in Beyond Offshoring, the IT/business process outsourcing in a global standpoint has only a 1% annual value of global trade to annual value of industry sales ratio, indicating significant potential for improvement and capitalization of future revenues. By offering these services especially in the EMS industry that is mostly production centered, Solectron is able to differentiate themselves from its competition by offering excellent service competence. Considering this service factor coupled with great product quality, Solectron is very hard to beat in this industry. The technology solutions unit provided modular and embedded systems design and manufacturing systems that customers could utilize to enhance their operational efficiency. The global manufacturing unit allowed Solectron to handle the demands of product manufacturing of their customers. Although contract manufacturing was their main source of revenue, they also offered new product introduction services and pre-manufacturing capabilities to further offer their expertise on production efficiencies and excellent sourcing. The global services unit was essentially Solectron’s formal customer service business unit. This unit offered product repair, upgrades, and maintenance services through both production facilities and service centers. In addition to the product oriented services, this unit also offered service concerning warehousing, logistics, returns management, engineering change management, and end-of-life management. The global materials services supplemented each of the three business units with operational proficiencies such as interactions with suppliers, procurement, optimizing inventories, preparing market forecasts, and providing worldwide logistics support. How has the company been able to successfully integrate its acquisitions? The company successfully integrated its acquisitions by focusing on two important aspects, employees and culture. The success of Solectron was dependent upon Solectron’s ability to leverage the new employees’ intelligence and experience. There was an integration team with members representing the functional areas to plan a business integration process before the acquisitions were even finalized. An even more detailed plan was created upon finalization, which helped the training of new employees to act as a Solectron resource. Analyze the strategic factors behind Solectron’s move from a contract manufacturing supplier to a supply chain integrator. How did globalization help Solectron in this endeavor? Strategic factors behind Solectron’s move: New Business Model – OEMs decided to concentrate their efforts and resources to their core competencies of product definition, engineering, and marketing in order for Solectron to focus on their core competencies of procurement and production. By realigning the focus of their customer’s primary activities, Solectron was able to transition towards their position as a long-term partner rather than a contract manufacturer. From a strategic standpoint, this stance of the global marketplace leverages Solectron with a sustainable competitive advantage; however, it requires extensive global utilization of resources and relationships to be able to supply the customer’s demands. Consolidation and Relocation – The EMS industry had consolidated most of the top tier firms to create fewer, but larger controlling firms. With this consolidation, Solectron’s new global network was developed to be strategically close to customers in emerging markets which allowed them to introduce new products in the areas with the end user with great product-to-market lead-times. This allows Solectron to fulfill its role as the global supply chain integrator for customers with much flexibility and responsive capabilities. o Information Systems – Solectron used technology to its advantage by improving its operation and allowing the customer to optimize their supply chain in different ways. This allowed multiple parties to have access to the same data and information and ultimately reduce the bull whip effect, which fluctuates demand forecasts significantly. Global Supply Chain Integration Services – As a player in the EMS industry, Solectron had to shift their focus to being a strategic option, rather than a tactical option from their customers’ standpoint. To supplement their excellent service from a purely manufacturing view, another point of differentiation that Solectron utilized was their position and culture in customer service. They expect only the highest quality out of their products, services, and employees. To further build upon this idea of customer service, Solectron has organized the firm into three distinct business units including technology solutions, global manufacturing, and global services, which are all supplied by global materials services, covered in detail earlier in the report.

Learn Direct Response Copywriting From Junk Mail Pros

Learn Direct Response Copywriting From Junk Mail Pros Are you ashamed at how vulnerable you are to junk mail? Direct response letters are part of the pantheon of junk mail.  Or at least, that’s one way to look at them. They are those letters that arrive that sell a product or solicit a donation from you, the main reason the postal service is probably still in business. Yet  direct response letters are an example of copywriting that can be extremely effective in getting your reader to take action. And, in that sense, they are not junk mail. They’re a copywriting gold mine. How To Write The Best Copy Ever With Advice From Junk Mail via @JulieNeidlingerDirect response copywriting is different from indirect response copywriting because of the timing of the response. Indirect response is copy that eventually leads to a purchase over time by building trust and awareness. Direct response pushes for a purchase immediately, at the end of that copy. That means that direct response copywriting is easily tested; you’ll know quickly whether your copy is working or not. Advertising czar David Ogilvy refused to hire any copywriter unless they’d spent a few years writing and studying direct response copywriting, that’s how valuable he thought direct response techniques were. Bill Jayme, Direct Response Extraordinaire In the 20th century, Bill Jayme’s direct response copywriting (via mail) was second to none. He was the king of the direct response mailed letter with clients lining up to pay him to write their letter. One of his better-known examples was something he wrote to help launch the magazine Psychology Today. Jayme also wrote the copy for the envelope, and for this particular piece, he posed a provocative headline: From Mike Capuzzi’s blog post on provocative headlines. The envelope needed to be opened, just like your marketing emails need to be opened, just like your blog posts need to be read. Jayme wrote a headline that piqued curiosity, and then combined it with a free take-it-now psychological test and another free offer. Whether a person answered yes or no to the question was irrelevant. It got them in the door. Marketer Gary Elwood suggests that Jayme was successful with his direct response copywriting because he took an unorthodox approach combining both the visual design of envelopes with powerful copy techniques that included: Using mystery and intrigue. How do you get people to open envelopes? To read? You make them curious. Jayme frequently asked questions or used cliffhangers to get people to proceed. Involving readers psychologically. Jayme would ask seemingly strange questions that would pull readers in. Questions such as, â€Å"Are you embarrassed to eat in a restaurant alone?† or â€Å"How much should you tip the waitress, when you’re planning to steal the ashtray?† are effective, regardless of whether the reader answers yes or no. They’ll keep reading to find out what their answer means. Using urgency. Jayme would create scarcity by suggesting there was only a limited quantity or a limited time. Scarcity motivates people. No one wants to be left out. Turning the service/product into something else. Jayme never lied about the product or service for sale, but he turned it into something more valuable. For example, you’re not selling a financial magazine, you’re selling knowledge that will make someone a savvy investor and ultimately more rich. Saying the word â€Å"free.† Jayme used the word â€Å"free† in as many ways as possible, even providing an example: ‘Free gift comes to you with our compliments gratis- on the house. It’s yours to keep as an outright present without cost or charge- not a penny!' That’s about eight ways to say â€Å"free† in two  sentences! Using exciting words. The words Jayme used were not boring. They often had cacophony to their sound and excitement in their meaning. They were words that caught attention, such as: dead, naked, free. Knowing who was reading. In order to ask the right provocative question, Jayme had to know what buttons to push. And that meant understanding the reader a bit. Elwood uses an excellent example of this: promotional copy for Coastal Living said, â€Å"If you love the shore, this new magazine will do you a world of good.† The first five words establish who the audience is that Jayme was targeting. Jayme was fond of empathy as a selling technique. This is evidenced by how he started most letters with â€Å"Dear Reader.† Empathy, incidentally, requires a far better understanding of your audience than mere demographics. Demographics tell you who the reader is and what they’re interested in. Empathy taps into understanding what the reader wants. For Further Reading: The Gary Halbert Letter: Gary Halbert has used classic direct response copywriting techniques in his pared down website. Read some of his copy to get an idea of how direct response copy sounds. â€Å"Junk Mail’s Top Dogs†: New York Times article that covers the history of the practice, and highlights Bill Jayme’s work. Bill Jayme’s â€Å"Cool Friday† letter: A wildly successful direct response letter Jayme wrote for Life Magazine, considered a classic in the genre. Armageddon Advertising: Putting fear into readers might not be the best route for you, but studying â€Å"armageddon advertising† is still a useful learning tool, as it taps into reader psychology. Learn From Direct Response  Copy Examples Clearly, direct response â€Å"junk mail† is powerful, even if we think it’s cheesy and doesn’t work. Because it does work, even on marketers who know what’s up. John Jantsch, from DuctTapeMarketing, pulled together some examples of sales letters, and extracted the foundation of what made them tick: They use a headline. There is always some sort of startling, attention-grabbing headline at work in a sales letter. Whether it was on the outside of the envelope or in the letter itself, the success of the sales letter hinged on this. They demonstrate how a reader benefits. The copy of a sales letter isn’t telling the reader how great the company or product is. Instead, they show how the reader will have a better life if they buy. They offer something logical. There must be an offer, of course, or it wouldn’t be a sales letter. But that offer must, by the time the reader gets to the end of the letter, make sense. Ads don’t offer anything. They announce sales and product prices. Too often, our copy does the same. There is a difference between an offer and an ad. The best offer is a deal that can’t be refused. With those three characteristics in mind, Jantsch dissects sales letter samples. I’ve summed up the sales copy approach with a template so that you can see the method distilled down. â€Å"If Your Name Is On This Letter† In this example of a letter from Newsweek, readers were encouraged to subscribe to the magazine. This type of sales copy, according to Jantsch, feeds into reader vanity. It suggests there is exclusivity at work and that the reader, should the offer apply to them, is special. Otherwise, if the offer isn’t of interest to them, they are common.  This copy relies heavily on the second person (â€Å"you†), and often starts out describing what isn’t (the negative) instead of what is (the positive). Writing to sell? Tell your reader they're special, offer exclusivity, guarantee enrichment.The first paragraph assures readers they are special (â€Å"your education and income set you apart from the general population†). The letter then proceeds to tell readers that subscribing to Newsweek won’t make them rich, won’t give them more friends, or give them a better job. At this point, readers are curious as to why they should get the magazine. The sales copy responds to that question by showing how the magazine can satisfy curiosity, reduce the boredom of small-minded conversation, and expand knowledge of what’s happening in the world. It then presents an offer that reduces risk by letting readers know they can get money back. Reader, you’re special. That’s why we contacted you. We’re not going to lie about what our offer will do for you. But we will enrich your life. If you don’t like it, we’ll return your money. â€Å"Two Young Men† The next example Jantsch uses is from the Wall Street Journal. This direct sales copy uses a story (which readers love) to promise readers success if they buy (and suggest a warning if they don’t). The Wall Street Journal starts with a simple paragraph telling the story of two young men who met back during a 25th college reunion. One man was a success, the other was not. The letter then proceeds in sections, outlining what made the difference between the two men (knowledge provided by the publication, in this case), and how that applies to the reader. Read this interesting story about two possible outcomes. We’ll tell you why this happened. We’ll show you how our offer will give you the better outcome. We’ll reiterate, one more time, why those outcomes were different. And then we’ll make you a risk-reduced offer, and remind you again of the story. â€Å"Dirty Hands† The third letter example in Jantsch’s ebook is from Popular Mechanics, and uses a couple of unique things. The letter itself has a visual box at the top, filled with brief copy that establishes whether the reader is the right audience using vanity and rather obvious qualifications we all want to assign to ourselves. â€Å"If you want to live better, don’t mind hard work, like to pay your own way†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The rest of the copy works very hard at appealing not to the elitist, but to the â€Å"average Joe†.   It’s filled with homey phrases that promote elbow grease, hard work, and flag-waving. Write to sell: Appeal as understanding, offer just for them, give away a bonus for  free.Popular Mechanics knew its audience pretty well, and they knew this would be best way to elicit trust and provide a sense that they truly understood what their readers wanted or thought. In this case, it was an illustrated handyman guide, and the selling points were how it would save you money by showing you how to make repairs yourself, that it was easy to use, and it was for readers â€Å"just like you.† To cap it off, the offer included a free first book, no strings attached, telling you what kind of projects you could find on specific pages in that first book. We understand you perfectly, and we made this product for readers like you. It’s so good, we’re giving the first one away completely free. â€Å"Quite Frankly† This letter example, from American Express, relies heavily on exclusivity. More than anything, we all like to know we’re good enough to be part of an elite and exclusive club, and (shamefully) that other people won’t get in. Compared to the other letters, this letter isn’t particularly long. It’s main punch is in two sentences in the opening paragraph, making a point to say that not everyone who applies to get the card will, and that such a card isn’t for everyone. The rest of the letter is a list of the perks and benefits the card provides. We’re exclusive, and not everyone gets in. You’re lucky we’re inviting you in. Look at all the benefits you’ll get. We expect you’ll apply now. â€Å"A Story About Grandmother† Using the story approach, this letter writes in first person and tells of memories of grandma. It’s very personal and approachable, and draws the reader in immediately. This letter is for Prevention magazine, and uses memories of healthy food vs. chemical-laden food, and the need to better understand how things had changed since the time of those grandma memories. The reader then learns about how the magazine can help them, being quite direct as to how it will make their lives better. In some sense, it taps into fear, suggesting that even their doctor isn’t telling them all they need to know. For all of us, the fear that we are being kept in the dark is a highly motivating one. The letter closes with bonuses that the reader could receive, and Jantsch notes that some people will buy based on the bonuses they get when making the initial purchase. So do offer bonuses. Let me tell you a personal story. Then I’ll tell you why you should be a bit afraid. But don’t worry; I have the solution. And, if you buy, I’ll give you lots of great extras! Putting Direct Response  Methodology To Work Direct sales letter writing techniques are directly applicable to your landing pages, of course, but also some of your blog posts. Challenge: The next time a direct sales letter arrives, don’t throw it. Dissect it. Figure out what they are doing in that copy, and what makes it work (or fail). Or, do some online searches and find more examples of direct response  letters, or landing pages that employ the same techniques. Do you feel motivated to buy at the end? Why or why not? What is the writer appealing to? Fear, vanity, trust? How long is the copy? How many words? How is the offer presented? Are there bonuses? Is the copy written in first or second person? These are just a few questions to ask as you figure out what makes direct response  copy work.

How to Convert Nanometers to Angstroms

How to Convert Nanometers to Angstroms This example problem demonstrates how to convert nanometers to angstroms. Nanometers (nm) and angstroms  (Ã…) are both linear measurements used to express extremely small distances. Conversion Problem The spectra  of the element mercury have a bright green line with a wavelength of 546.047 nm. What is the wavelength of this light in angstroms? Solution 1 nm 10-9 m1 Ã… 10-10 m Set up the conversion so the desired unit will be canceled out. In this case, we want angstroms to the remaining unit. wavelength in Ã… (wavelength in nm) x (1 Ã…/10-10 m) x (10-9 m/1 nm)wavelength in Ã… (wavelength in nm) x (10-9/10-10) Aring/nm)wavelength in Ã… (wavelength in nm) x (10 Aring/nm)wavelength in Ã… (546.047 x 10) Ã…wavelength in Ã… 5460.47 Ã… Answer The green line in mercurys spectra has a wavelength of 5460.47 Ã… It may be easier to remember there are 10 angstroms in 1 nanometer. This would mean a conversion from nanometers to angstroms would mean moving the decimal place one place to the right.

INTERIM PROJECT REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

INTERIM PROJECT REPORT - Essay Example They have become an expensive and drag-back problem in many ways. Accidental though avoidable back injuries are responsible for thousands of hours of lost output in the place of work and millions of dollars in lost returns. If you add health related costs, that including employee reimbursement claims and medical care that includes a range from simple first aid to key surgeries, and the expenditures incurred by the World’s business and industries makes them slug behind. Project scope and introduction In reference to The National Safety Council 1990 "industrial accident specifics", job related accidents caused injuries to the back more than any other body parts that were studied during the1989 research study. It was noted that back injuries were responsible for twenty-two percent of all the reported cases. All industry stakeholders, including employers, workforce, customers and the economy in general are all enormously affected. (Daltroy, L.H., Iversen, M.D., Larson, M.G., Lew, R., Wright, E., Ryan, J., Zwerling, C., Fossel, A.H., Liang, M.H. (1997). A controlled trial of an educational program to prevent low back injuries. The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 337, Number 5, 322-328.) Guidance, education and preventive methods in work surroundings are not only a requirement for the wellbeing and safety of the workforce; they are also a legal obligation. Most countries’ labour laws require that employers meet the terms of the safety principles and policy in the place of work or they face huge fines. The aspect of plummeting the causes and frequency of back injuries in the places of work is not only critical for the well being of the workforce but also for the economic well-being of the business. As an employment prerequisite, each worker has the duty to work and act carefully on all jobs, at all times. An individual’s responsibility is to the business, their family and to an extent, themselves. (Amdam, R. P. (2010).  Insights into the S ustainable Growth of Business. Bradford: Emerald Group Pub.) Project Control It is very essential for a business like JIM’S CLEANING to make available a secure and healthy work environment. There are numerous situations where the regulations do not always comprise a specific situation hence you have to take time to constitute a level playing status and put into practice one’s own intelligence and education in order to carry out the task at hand without any injury incidents. . Any employee contributing to an injury has to explain what caused the injury thus the employer will be able to comprehend the reason and thwart any potential similar injuries. It is referred to as safety counselling. Counselling serves two essential roles: 1) To give details on how the worker contributed to the injury, hence getting to know what went wrong and how to go about the predicament. 2) To put into a document the actuality that the business is concerned about the safety of all workers and takes the necessary action to guarantee that injuries can be avoided through training. Safety counselling is not planned as a punitive action. It is simply a training means to make workers aware of what they did wrong and the procedures that should be taken to avoid similar injuries. With such kind of measures in place should an employee continue demonstrating hazardous activities or continue to defy

Categorize Costs as Fixed, Variable and Semi-Variable for a Given Assignment

Categorize Costs as Fixed, Variable and Semi-Variable for a Given Scenario - Assignment Example Contribution per product/customer will calculate how much contribution a certain product would earn for every unit of sales generated, which is expressed as a percentage or decimal. If the C/S ratio is 0.4, for every  £1 of sales revenue, 40 pence will be a contribution. Cost-Volume-Profit analysis looks at changes in profits as variable costs, fixed costs, sales price and quantity change. It is also called â€Å"what if?† analysis and it particularly looks at sales less variable costs. It is also called a contribution. With the contribution, management can easily understand the level of sales that they are likely to start making profits or cover all costs. For one to have a successful business there must be a clear understanding of the financial impact that basic financial decisions may pose (Dohr, Howell 1946, p15). One is ought to know his or her most profitable services or products, what will happen if sales volumes will suddenly drop, the impact of lowering sales prices or taking a loan, etc. To answer these questions, Cost/Volume/Profit (CVP) analysis becomes the answer (Atkinson 1997, p51). Cost/Volume/Profit analysis examines the relationships between variable costs and fixed costs, profits and sales volumes. The contribution margin analysis will help an entrepreneur in comparing the profitability of different products, services or even a line that he or she is offering. Breakeven analysis will help a businessperson to tell the sales volumes that he or she will need to breakeven under different cost scenarios and prices (Upchurch, 2002, 72). Operative leverage, on the other hand, will examine the degree at which the business is using fixed costs, this will in turn magnify the returns when there is an upturn in sales and will also magnify losses as sales will be  dropping.

Australia in a Business Context Essay Example for Free

Australia in a Business Context Essay 1.1 Introduction In today’s world, internationalization is inevitable for companies competing in the global world, where their production, target market, business model were integrated across different frontiers (Robins 2000) and between different people in different countries (Schulte 2000) In this report, we will discuss about Fraser and Neave and the potential of a joint venture with University of Queensland, Brisbane to build student hostels within the university’s premises. The entry mode will be suggested based on supporting context and company analysis. Predicted impact of action will be considered and suggestions for further expansion of the university hostel market under the name of Fraser and Neave will also be made. 2.1 Context Analysis 2.1.1 Australia in business context Australia, being an open economy with open policies for trade and investments, she has attracted many foreign investors without the need of providing any special incentives (Euromonitor business environment: Australia 2013). Reaching a $986.7 billion of total GDP in year 2013, $618.9 billion comes from FDI alone. Due to harsh contractions in mining financial tightening by both the state and federal governments and the strong Australian dollar, the country’s economic growth will ease in the year 2013. (Euromonitor Australia Country Profile 2013) 2.1.2 Australia: Cultural Analysis Culture is a ‘powerful social construct’ (Boyacigiller, 2004) in diverse multicultural workforces, particularly vital in the sustainability and success for any international business (Doney, 1998). Through a series of empirical studies, Australia being a country of low context culture (Markus G 2011, 75) has 4 main characteristics identified of their community (Australia World View, 2001) and (Communicaid: Doing Business in Australia): 1. Linear, logical, individualistic, and action-oriented people. Australians are generally results orientated. Therefore when dealing business with Australians, statistics and figures are essential for a successful deal. Since they can be seen to have confrontational and strong opinions, business dealings with them would need to back up with research or evidence in order to convince them. 2. Community likes to avoid uncertainties As Australians are people who like to avoid uncertainties, they tend to be very straight to the point with their words with the intention of having them taken literally. To avoid any misunderstanding or future conflicts, business dealings with them would have to be very literal with all conditions on the table for discussion. Implicit messages will most probably go unnoticed. 3. Adopts a very egalitarian culture Australians avoids differentiation between individuals and are often preferred to be impartial, modest and have mutual respect for others. Therefore they prefer a more down to earth approach to business. They are also altogether more receptive to innovation, fresh ideas and encourage active discussions or debates. 4. Appreciates privacy When dealing with Australian business counterparts, it would be wise to stay within the lines and treat attempts at developing interpersonal relationships with much caution. 2.1.3 Australia: Legal Environments In relation to the construction of property, we would be looking at laws that are relevant. As a joint venture is suggested for the construction of the student hostel, we would have to consider the complications of contract law besides the obvious property law, employment and industry relations, and general tax issues. As the land that we are proposing to construct is within the University’s premises, a partnership with the university will give Fraser and Neave access to the land without any legislation to bind or cripple the project. Nevertheless, there would be a need to attain approval for development through the Integrated Development Assessment System (IDAS) under the Sustainable Planning Act 2009. An application would have to be submitted in order to get a development permit for the construction of the hotels. Required information for the approval will be as follows: * Material used * Any impacts to the surrounding environment * Completed development look (Queensland Government: Development Approvals, 2013) Further legal issues will be discussed at a later date when the university of Queensland accepts the joint venture intention. 2.1.4 Australia: Political Environments The Australian’s political environment have been consistently stable since the year 1996 to 2011 with a small drop in the year 2009 according to the political stability index (World Governance Indicators, 2011). Ranked top 50 worldwide, Australia’s political environment has made the nation an attractive location for business makers to invest in. In order to protect Australia’s AU$15 billion international education industry from competition, the government have made its commitment to quicken visa processing for international students and release a list of policies universities, international education and research (Back to board on foreign students, 2013). Although concrete releases of these policies are not known yet, we can expect better support from the government on Australia’s international education industry. This would mean the future outlook of industry sees potential for further educational development. With a faster visa processing for international students, the demand for accommodation will increase and there will be our market. 2.1.5 Market Size and Growth We first identify the primary market for student hostels as domestic and international students, those in which plans on residing away from their homes in pursuit of their academics. Based on the study by Government of Australia and assuming 20% of the Domestic Students and 80% of the International require hostel accommodation, Australia Universities will require hostels to accommodate about 450,000 students: Australia| Domestic| International| Full Time| Students enrolled| 934,110| 323,612| 884,179| Students(estimated) needing Accomodation | 20%| 80%| | Rooms Required| 186,822| 258,890| 445,712| Study done by Government of Australia (Department of Industry, Innovation, Climate Change, Science, Research and Tertiary Education) in 2012 Looking at the numbers reflected above, the demand for student accommodations is substantial, especially among international students where accommodation serves great importance as it puts their respective parents at ease of sending their Children overseas. Students commencing would also be a positive indicator for high occupancy turn over rates. Although reports have shown that Australia is one of the most expensive countries to study abroad in (Cost of studying in Australia putting off international students, it is claimed, 2013), Australia remains optimistic about the future of international education program as part of their GDP contributor. In the report by International Education Advisory Council (Australia Educating Globally), there would be an estimated increase in total number of international students by 30% in the year 2020. Market growth in this market would be projected to be escalating even if it might be time periods where the growth might temporarily slowed down (Australia focused on international student enrolment growth, 2013). 3.1 Company Analysis 3.1.1 Fraser and Neave Formed in the year 1883, Fraser and Neave have flourished into a brand that is ranked as one of the most successful and established organization in the Asia Pacific region. With a remarkable array of renowned brands that relish strong market leadership, Fraser and Neave traditionally made its reputation through the production and distribution from its own FN range and several other international brands. In the recent decades, Fraser and Neave have moved on to property development and publishing with ravishing results. Operating at S$32 billion worth of shareholders’ funds and total assets, Fraser and Neave is present over 20 countries spreading across Europe, Asia Pacific and the USA. Leveraging on its strength in brand and financial management, research and development, marketing and distribution, as well as many years of acquisition experience, its subsidiary companies across the three industries are able to receive strategic directions and key resources to ensure sustainability and success. 3.1.2 Fraser and Neave: Properties As part of the business diversification, Fraser and Neave developed the Property Industry as a new core business. Since 1990 from a single mall operator, Fraser and Neave have blossomed into a full-fledge real estate group, Frasers Centrepoint Limited (â€Å"FCL†), which achieved a total of $1,345 million dollars just in year 2012. The group’s overseas property subsidiary in Australia, Fraser Property Australia, has made outstanding success in the Australia property market with the very prosperous development of residential and commercial projects. Involved in joint venture partnership with Sekisui House Australia Holdings Pty Limited, Fraser Property Australia has established its brand and reputation as a property developer in Australia having their projects span across Perth, Western Australia and largely in Sydney. Aside from just property development, the group have also developed and runs a service apartment under their Fraser Hospitality where they own full management rights. 3.2.3 University of Queensland Ranked in the top 100 universities in the world, University of Queensland is the first university that opened in the state and the largest university in Queensland. With a total of 4 major campuses – St Lucia and Herston in Brisbane and Ipswich and Gatton in South-East Queensland, the University have invested significantly in development and construction providing students with conducive environments for studies, research and other school activities. Covering a total of 1376 hectares of land 754,500 m2 (gross floor area) of which occupied by 764 buildings holding 522 teaching rooms and 1588 laboratories. 10 of which are residential colleges that provides student accommodations and places academic activity in a community setting of students and faculty. All residential colleges are located at the main St Lucia Campus. We note that there are no other student accommodations located in the other 3 campuses – Herston Ipswich and Gatton. Students studying in these campuses are encouraged to look for accommodations that are near the schools. In the University of Queensland, there are more than 46,863 students including 11,389 international students from 142 nations around the world. Of the total 46,863 students, there are presently only 2,955 rooms available within the University as follows: College with Residence| Student with Residence at the College| Cromwell College| 247| Duchess College| 200| Emmanuel College| 340| Grace College| 180| Halls of Residences| 440| International House| 238| Kings College| 298| St. John College| 263| St Leo’s College| 212| Union College| 334| Woman’s College| 203| Total Residence| 2,955| Assuming 80% of the International and 20% of the Australian Students desire accommodation within the University, the University of Queensland will require an additional of 13,000 rooms that it does not have today! Based on an average AU$4,500 per year per residence fee, we estimate a Business Potential of AU$58 million per annum if all 13,000 rooms are provided. 4.1 Entry Mode 4.1.1 International Joint Venture We proposed that the entry mode for Fraser and Neave in developing and managing Hostel Accommodation within the University be an international joint venture with University of Queensland. This entry mode is proposed mainly due to the ownership rights for the land within University. This also simplifies the challenges of property rights and taxes. This Joint Venture is formed on the basis of University of Queensland providing the land while Fraser and Neave will provide the resources to build and operate the Hostel, which is the key strength of Fraser Property Australia. Through the company analysis, it can be seen that University of Queensland has a potential shortage of 13,000 student accommodation. Therefore the construction of a student hostel in the campuses will increase the attractiveness and reliability of the school to domestic or international students. In the initial phase, the proposed hostel construction would take place in campuses in South-East Queensland (Ipswich and Gatton) as these campuses are far away from the only campus in Brisbane that provides student accommodations. Based on the current capacity of only 2,955 residences within the University, we are confident that there will be strong student occupancy rates to uphold the sustainability of the hostels. We believe that the University of Queensland would be able to attract and house more domestic and international students with the value addition of these hostels while receiving percentage of it earnings. Fraser and Neave could also benefit by entering the market of student hostels through this singular joint venture. If proven to be a success, Fraser and Neave could move into the development of student hostels in Australia and the rest of the world that offers international studies aside from residential and commercial buildings. This is a niche market that has not been developed by any multinational companies and has the potential worth looking into. As Fraser and Neave is already in a joint venture with Sekisui House Australia Holdings Pty Limited with its subsidiary Fraser Property Australia, it would be wise to approach this new joint venture as partners. This would allow Fraser and Neave to once again tap onto the expertise of its local partner and mitigate the development cost between its partners. Therefore the joint venture will be proposed to run three ways. 5.1 Scale Analysis: International Joint Venture 5.1.1 Scale of Entry Since construction and management of student hostels in a University is considered to be a new extension of Fraser and Neave’s properties development, we would propose a conservative approach in the scale of market entry. We would propose an initial accommodation for 500 students, which will generate AU $2.25 million per annum, and this can be subsequently expanded to more accommodations depending on the availability of land within the University of Queensland. Although small, it allows Fraser and Neave more time to learn about this market. As this particular market is very niche with only small players traditionally, it will take time for Fraser and Neave to study the characteristics of the market and develop the most effective and functional way to progress this into a large-scale international hostel construction business. This also limits Fraser and Neave’s exposure to the monetary and economic losses that might follow if this project is a failure. 5.1.2 Risk Levels and control Given that the hostel is only for 500 students, the risks in this project are also relatively low in relation to the small scale of entry. Nonetheless, these are the possible risks involved and how to mitigate them: Sudden project withdrawal from the University of Queensland Land owned by the school required for the hostel constructions may be needed for other University purposes. To avoid this risk, conditions for the withdrawal of the joint venture have to be carefully constructed in the contract to ensure a high penalty cost if any party were to decide to withdraw. Disapproval of property development by local authorities or state government agencies To avoid last minute disapproval, Fraser and Neave must ensure that all conditions posed by the authorities are fulfilled before filing for approval. Sudden hike of interest rates for the properties building sector Although this is a risk that cannot be mitigated substantially, a possible way to minimize it would be to make payments in full. This would however increase the financial investment for the project in a shorter time frame. A more prudent approach is to ensure fixed interest rates are negotiated prior to the start of the projects. Sudden drop in student numbers in the proposed campuses Opening the rooms for rent to students of schools nearby could mitigate this risk however; it would have to be based on agreement with University of Queensland. Students from the university will also be given priority in this case. 5.1.3 Return Levels Return of investments for the proposed project will be 17% 20% per annum for each hostel. Payback period for the hostels will be at approximately of 4 years. 5.1.4 Control Levels Control levels for this form of entry mode is lower due to the number of parties involved. As this is a three way partnership proposed, Fraser and Neave must ensure that it has all the management decision for construction and management of the hostel thereafter. The agreement with the other 2 joint venture partners is needed and should be detailed in the agreement prior to project start. 5.1.5 Integration Levels With a long-term joint venture partner (Sekisui House Australia Holdings Pty Limited), integration with the local construction environment will not pose a great threat to Fraser and Neave. Along with the past experiences of commercial and residential properties in Australia, the integration of their construction contribution in this project is expected to be positive. On the other hand, partnership with a University is a first for Fraser and Neave and they might be hindered by the new rules and regulations that are imposed by the school. This can be mitigated by understanding the limitations of the school and its school grounds before the commencement of the construction. 6.1 Conclusion There is a great potential in extending Fraser and Neave construction line towards hostels construction with the increasing demand of international education in Australia. Being an undermined market, hostels construction will give Fraser and Neave competitive advantage as one of the first multinational company to internationalize this business. A joint venture with a renowned University worldwide gives the group an exposure to other Universities if proven to be successful. The joint venture would also provide the group with reliable knowledge and information essential for bringing this business into international grounds. A possible development can also arise from this business plan with the introduction of a brand new brand extension ‘Frasers Hostels’, the management of all the Fraser and Neave hostels across the globe. 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Free Color Purple Essays: Strength of the Black Woman Revealed :: Color Purple Essays

Strength of the Black Woman Revealed in The Color Purple  Ã‚   The story tells of one lady who, through fruition and hardship, discovers the proficient, content, and proud woman repressed inside of a young "shut-mouthed" girl. The Color Purple, the third novel written by the Pulitzer Prize winning author Alice Walker, has been both respected and berated in numerous essays and reviews. Although the critics agree to disagree about many aspects of this novel one thing is clear, The Color Purple affirms "the survival and liberation of black women through the strength and wisdom of others." (Draper, 1810) In Walker's personal view, the black woman's history falls into three stages; the woman suspended, the artist thwarted and hindered in her desires to create, living through two centuries when her main role was to be cheap source of cheap labor in the American society, and the modern woman. (Washington, 139) The feminist Alice Walker writes in a circulatory pattern. Her female characters move in a common three-stage cycle: 1)the suspended woman-cruelly exploited, and spirits and bodies mutilated, 2)the thwarted woman-desires most to be a part of mainstream American life, and 3)the modern woman-exhibits the qualities of the developing emergent model. Before Celie, our main character, makes her way into the cycle the story sets her as a child, eager to learn, love, and enjoying life. She and Nettie, her, sister attend school on a regular basis, complete all of their chores, and still make time to talk, to play, and/or to just spend time together. Then, just as Celie reaches womanhood, s he finds her way into the first stage: the suspended woman. The suspended woman plays the role of the inclement exploit with a warped spirit as well as body. Celie's body is first desecrated through her stepfather's sexual misconduct. Succeeding this comes continuing sexual and physical abuse by her husband Mr. ______. Here, Celie slips into the second stage: the thwarted woman. In this stage the character desires most to become a part of mainstream American society. In most cases, they are also victims of psychological abuse that alienates them from their roots and real contact to the world. The desecration and abuse her body survives, notwithstanding, her spirit is broken when not only have her children been taken away from her by her stepfather, but Nettie is forced, by Albert, to leave he and Celie's house.